Examples of Comparative Biology
Diagrams for the peptide NAD2 from several species are shown here.
It is unclear for the present as to whether these diagrams should be identical to each other.
Mammal - Human -NC_012920
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Marsupial - Koala - NC_008133
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Amino acid sequences for peptide NAD2:-
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
Mammals:
Human - MNPLAQPVIYSTIFAGTLITALSSHWFFTWVGLEMNMLAFIPVLTKKMNPRSTEAAIKYFLTQATASMILLMAILFNNMLSGQWTMTNTTNQYSSLMIMMAMAMKLGMAPFHFWVPEVTQGTPLTSGLLLLTWQKLAPISIMYQISPSLNVSLLLTLSILSIMAGSWGGLNQTQLRKILAYSSITHMGWMMAVLPYNPNMTILNLTIYIILTTTAFLLLNLNSSTTTLLLSRTWNKLTWLTPLIPSTLLSLGGLPPLTGFLPKWAIIEEFTKNNSLIIPTIMATITLLNLYFYLRLIYSTSITLLPMSNNVKMKWQFEHTKPTPFLPTLIALTTLLLPISPFMLMIL - Human
'Neanderthal' - MNPLAQPVIYSTIFAGTLITALSSHWFFTWVGLEMNMLAFIPVLTKKMNPRSTEAAIKYFLTQATASMILLMAILFNNMLSGQWTMTNTTNQYSSLMIMMAMAMKLGMAPFHFWVPEVTQGTPLTSGLLLLTWQKLAPISIMYQISPSLNVSLLLTLSILSIMAGSWGGLNQTQLRKILAYSSITHMGWMMAVLPYNPNMTILNLTIYIILTTTAFLLLNLNSSTTTLLLSRTWNKLTWLTPLIPSTLLSLGGLPPLTGFLPKWAIIEEFTKNNSLIIPTIMATITLLNLYFYLRLIYSTSITLLPMSNNVKMKWQFEHTKPTPFLPTLITLTTLLLPISPFMLMVL - 'Neanderthal' (AM948965)
'Altai' - MNPLAQPVIYSTIFAGTLITALSSHWFFTWVGLEMNMLAFIPVLTKKMNPRSTEAAIKYFLTQTTASMILLMAILFNNMLSGQWTMTNTTNQYSSLMIMMAMAMKLGMAPFHFWVPEVTQGTPLTSGLLLLTWQKLAPISIMYQISPSLNVSLLLTLSILSIVTGSWGGLNQTQLRKILAYSSITHMGWMMAVLPYNPNMTILNLTIYIILTTTAFLLLNLNSSTTTLLLSRTWNKLTWLTPLIPSTLLSLGGLPPLTGFLPKWAIIEEFTKNNSLIIPTIMATITLLNLYFYLRLIYSTSITLLPMSNNVKMKWQFEHTKPTPFLPTLIALTTLLLPISPFMLMIL - 'Altai' (FN673705)
Chimp - MNPLAQPIIYSTILTGTLITALSSHWFFTWVGLEMNMLAFIPILTKKMSPRSTEAAIKYFLTQATASMILLMAILSNSMLSGQWTMTNTTNQYSSLMIMMAMAMKLGMAPFHFWVPEVTQGTPLMSGLLLLTWQKLAPISIMYQISSSLNVNLLLTLSILSIMAGSWGGLNQTQLRKILAYSSITHMGWMMAVLPYNPNMTILNLTIYIILTTTAFLLLNLNSSTTTLLLSRTWNKLTWLTPLIPSTLLSLGGLPPLTGFLPKWVIIEEFTKNNSLIIPTIMAIITLLNLYFYLRLIYSTSITLLPMSNNVKMKWQFEHTKPTPFLPTLITLTTLLLPISPFMLMIL - Chimp
Cattle - MNPIIFIIILLTIMLGTIIVMISSHWLLVWIGFEMNMLAIIPIMMKNHNPRATEASTKYFLTQSTASMLLMMAVIINVMFSGQWTVMKLFSPMASMLMTMALAMKLGMAPFHFWVPEVTQGIPLSSGLILLTWQKLAPMSVLYQIFPSINLNLILTLSVLSILIGGWGGLNQTQLRKIMAYSSIAHMGWMTAVLPYNPTMTLLNLIIYIIMTSTMFTMFMANSTTTTLSLSHTWNKTPIMTVLILATLLSMGGLPPLSGFMPKWMIIQEMTKNNSIILPTFMAITALLNLYFYMRLTYSTTLTMFPSTNNMKMKWQFPLMKKMTFLPTMVVLSTMMLPLTPMLSVLE - Cattle
Bowhead Whale - MNPSILIILLTTLILGTMMVITSSHWLLAWIGFEMNMMAFIPIMMKNPSPRATEASTKYLLTQATASALLMMAIIINLMYSGQWTITKLFNPTASTLMTVALAIKLGLAPFHFWVPEVTQGIPLVTGLILLTWQKLAPLSILYQISPSINMHLMLTMSLLSILVGGWGGLNQTQLRKIMAYSSIAHMGWMTTILLYSPTLTLLNLLIYITMTFTMFMLFIQNSTTTTLSLSQTWNKMPIITTLTMLTLLSMGGLPPLSGFMPKWMIIQELTKNEILIMPTFMAITALLNLYFYMRLTYSTALTLFPSMNNMKMKWQFEPTKQTILLPTAIVMSTMLLPLTPMLSTLL - Bowhead Whale
Killer Whale - MNPFISITLLTTLILSTTIVTISSHWFFAWIGLEMNMMAIIPIMMKKPNPRATEASTKYFLTQATASSLLMLAIIINLMHSSQWTIMKLFHPTASTLMTMALAIKLGLSPFHFWVPEVTQGIPLSTGLILLTWQKLAPISILYQISPSINLHLMTTMSFLSILIGGWGGLNQTQLRKIMAYSSIAHVGWMTTILPYNPTFTLLNLSIYIMMTFTMFMLLIQNSTTTTLMLSQTWNTMPIMTTLTMLTLLSMGGLPPLTGFMPKWMIIQELTKNDTLILPTLMAITALLNLYFYMRLTYSTALTLFPSINNTKMKWQFYPTKQMTLLPTAIVLSTMLLPLTPTLFILL - Killer Whale
Egyptian Rousette - MNPLIFTMIMLTVMLGTMIVMTSSHWLMVWIGFEMNMLAIIPILMKKYNPRSMEASTKYFLTQATASMLLMLALLSNLVYSGQWSITKPLDPTTSIIMTLALAMKLGLSPFHFWVPEVAQGIKLSSGLILLTWQKLAPMSILYQLSPTLNTNLLLTMSMMSIAIGGWGGLNQTQLRKIMAYSSIAHMGWMTAIMTYNPTMALLNLAIYILLTTTTFVMFMLNSTTTTLSLSHTWNKTPLLTTAILTTMLSLGGLPPLSGFLPKWMIIQELTKNDSIIMPTTMAITALLNLYFYMRLTYSTSLTMFPSTNNMKIKWQFGHLNPTTLLAPLIILSTLILPLSPILALLE - Egyptian Rousette
European Hedgehog - MNPILALFIYFMLTMGTIMVLISSHWLLIWMGFEMNLMAMIPIMMIKQNSRSTESAIKYFLVQTTASIMLMMSVSINLMMTGQWTVTCTNNMLSSIITISMLMKLGAAPFHMWLPEVAQGLSLSSSMILLTWQKIAPMSVLYLLSPSLNIYIMFISAFLSIALGGWGGLNQTQLRKMMAFSSIAHMGWMMAILCYNPNIMIINLIIYLMMTITLFYIFKNNSTTNIANLSLIWNKSPLMALLLALILLSLGGLPPLTGFLPKWMVAQELVNNDNTIMALIMLMLALINLFFYLRLIYSSSLTMFPSMNNVKLNWQYTKSNKYTLIIIILSVISILMLPLSPMFINFY - European Hedgehog
Giant Panda - MKPAILITITSTVVLGTMIVLFSSHWFMIWVGFEMNMLAIIPILMKKYNPRAMEASTKYFLTQATASMLLMLSIIINLLCSGHWTVSTIPNPVASTMITIALTMKLGLSPFHFWVPEVTQGISLSSGMILLTWQKIAPLSILYQISPSVNSNLLLMMAITSMLVGGWGGLNQTQLRKILAYSSITHMGWMAAIMVYNPTLAILNLTIYIMMTLGTFMLFMHSSSTTTLSLSYTWNKFPLMAPLILMLMLSLGGLPPLSGFIPKWMIIQELTKNDMIIMPTLMAITALLNLYFYTRLTYTTALTMFPATNNMKMKWQFETTKKTTLLAPLIVTSTMLLPLTPMLAALD - Giant Panda
Wallaroo - MSPYVFLIISISLFLGTSLTLFSNHWLMAWMGLEINTLAIIPMMTYPNHPRSTEAAIKYFLTQATASMLVMFAIIHNAWMTNQWTLFQMANSAASVLMTLALAMKLGLAPFHFWVPEVTQGIPLSSGMILLTWQKIAPTALLYQISPTLNMKVLITLAFLSTMLGGWGGLNQTHLRKILAYSSIAHMGWMTIVMMINPSLALLNLLIYIIATLTLFLMLNFASVTKIKSLTNLWNKSAPMTTAILLTLLSLGGLPPLTGFMPKWLILQELVSNNNIIMATLMALSALLNLFFYMRIIYASTLTMFPTTNNSKIQWPYPQTKTINIIPTLTIISSLLLPLTPLLTTLMY - Wallaroo
Koala - MSPYMLLLTCTSLLLGTTLTLASNHWLTAWMGLEINTLAMIPLMTYPNHSRSTESAIKYFLTQATASMMMMFAIIQNAWATNQWTLTQMSNNTASILMTLTLAIKLGLAPFHFWVPEVTQGIPLLSGMILLTWQKVAPVSIMYQISPSLNMKILTTLAILSTLTGGWGGLNQTHLRKILAYSSISHMGWTIIIMPINPNLALLNLFIYIIITTTIFLTLNLAQVTKIKSLANLWNKSTPMTMIIMITLMSLGSLPPLTGFMPKWLILQELVNNNNIATATLMAMSTLLNLFFYMRIIYTSTLTMFPTTNNSKLQWMYAQTKKTTMIPPLTVISSMLLPLTPLCLTLFQM - Koala
Australian Echidna - MTPMTNLIMMSSLLMGTMITLTSSHWLLMWMGLEINTLAIIPLLTSKKHPRSTESAIKYFLTQATASMLLMFAASLNTWLTGHWTLMQINNMVPSMIMTFALAMKLGLAPFHYWVPEVLQGSPLLSGMILLTWQKLAPISIIYQISPTLNMNTLLILAISSILLGGWNGLNQTQLRKIMAYSSIAHMGWMIVIIIYFPLLTILNLVLYIMSTVALFMVFYHINITKTKPLSLMWNKSPTLMLTTILVLLSLGGLPPLTGFAPKWLVVQELIMHNNIMMATTLAIMALLNLFFYMRIIYSSTLTTFPTTNNNKYHWYKQPMKTPLSLPPLTILSTALLPLTPMFITLG - Australian Echidna
Non-mammals:
Zebrafish - MNPYVLMILMSSLGLGTTLTFSSSHWILAWMGLEINTLAIVPLMAQQHHPRAVEATTKYFLIQAAAAAMILFTSTTNAWISGQWDVTGMPGPATSTAMMFALALKIGLAPMHFWLPEVLQGLDLLTGLILSTWQKLAPMALIIQTTQTTDPLILTSLGIASSLIGGWSGLNQTQLRKILAYSSIAHMGWMIIVIQYAPQLTLIALGTYIFMTSAAFLTLKVLSATKINTLTTTWPKSPILAAIATLVMLSLGGLPPLTGFMPKWLILQELTKQDLPATATIMALTALLSLFFYLRLCHAMTLTTSPNTINSAPHWRVQTTQNSLPLTISVTVTMGLLPLTPAILMLTT - Zebrafish
Drosophila melano. - MFNNSSKILFITIMIIGTLITVTSNSWLGAWMGLEINLLSFIPLLSDNNNLMSTEASLKYFLTQVLASTVLLFSSILLMLKNNMNNEINESFTSMIIMSALLLKSGAAPFHFWFPNMMEGLTWMNALMLMTWQKIAPLMLISYLNIKYLLLISVILSVIIGAIGGLNQTSLRKLMAFSSINHLGWMLSSLMISESIWLILFFFYSFLSFVLTFMFNIFKLFHLNQLFSWFVNSKILKFTLFMNFLSLGGLPPFLGFLPKWLVIQQLTLCNQYFMLTIMMMSTLITLFFYLRICYSAFMMNYFENNWIMKMNMNSINYNMYMIMTFFSIFGLFLISLFYFMF - Drosophila Melanogaster
Drosophila Alstonvl - MFNNSSKILFITIMIIGTLITVTSNSWLGAWMGLEINLLSFIPLLSDNNNLMSTEASLKYFLTQVLASTVLLFSSILLMLKNNMNNEINESFTSMIIMSALLLKSGAAPFHFWFPNMMEGLTWMNALMLMTWQKIAPLMLISYLNIKYLLLISVILSVIIGAIGGLNQTSLRKLMAFSSINHLGWMLSSLMISESIWLIYFFFYSFLSFVLTFMFNIFKLFHLNQLFSWFVNSKILKFTLFMNFLSLGGLPPFLGFLPKWLVIQQLTLCNQYFMLTLMMMSTLITLFFYLRICYSAFMMNYFENNWIMKMNMNSINYNMYMIMTFFSIFGLFLISLFYFMF - Drosophila Alstonvl
Drosophila Brownsvl - - Drosophila Brownsvl
Drosophila Dahomey - - Drosophila Dahomey
Drosophila Japan - MFNNSSKILFITIMIIGTLITVTSNSWLGAWMGLEINLLSFIPLLSDNNNLMSTEASLKYFLTQVLASTVLLFSSILLMLKNNMNNEINESFTSMIIMSALLLKSGAAPFHFWFPNMMEGLTWMNALMLMTWQKIAPLMLISYLNIKYLLLISVILSVIIGAIGGLNQTSLRKLMAFSSINYLGWMLSSLMISESIWLIYFFFYSFLSFVLTFMFNIFKLFHLNQLFSWFVNSKILKFTLFMNFLSLGGLPPFLGFLPKWLVIQQLTLCNQYFMLTLMMMSTLITLFFYLRICYSAFMMNYFENNWIMKMNMNSINYNMYMIMTFFSIFGLFLISLFYFMF - Drosophila Japan
Drosophila Mysore - - Drosophila Mysore
Drosophila Zimbabwe - - Drosophila Zimbabwe
Drosophila Grimshawi - MFNNSSKILFITMMIIGTLITVTSNSWLGAWMGLEINLLSFIPLMSDNNNFKSTEASLKYFLTQALASTVLLFAVILLMLKNNLNSEINESFISMIMLSTLLLKSGAAPFHFWFPNLMEGLTWMNALMLMTWQKIAPLMLISYLNLKNLLMISVILSVIVGAIGGLNQTSLRKLMAFSSINHLGWMLSALTISESIWMIYFLFYSFLSFVLTFMFNIFKLFHLNQLFSWFLQNKILKFTLFMNFLSLGGLPPFLGFLPKWIVIQQLTFCNQYFQLMILLMSTLITLFFYLRICYSAFMLNYSENNWAMNSHINNFNMNLYTIMTFLSIFGLFLISLFYFMF - Drosophila Grimshawi
Celery leafminer - MFNNSFKIMFLLILMMGTLITVSSNSWLSAWMGLEINLLAFIPLMNDNNLMSTESSLKYFLTQALASTVSFFSSIFYLIENFYSMEMIFIYSKILILSSVLLKMGAAPFHFWFPNVMMGLSWMNSYILMVWQKIAPFFILSYVMYKPLIIFCAITSAICGAISGFNQTSLSKLMAYSSINHMGWMLMTMMKNENLWMNYFFFYSFLNLTLIILFLMFNLNHINQLFYLYLNSKTFKFSMFFNLLSLGGLPPFLGFLPKWLTIQYLVMSNQYFIMLILIFSTLISLYFYLRMCYTAFMINYNETNWTMNYQFNQNMMNIYLLCSSISILGLFMISMIYIML - Celery leafminer
Honey Bee - MFFMNFKYHWFIYFLITIFVLMMNSNNIFIQWMLMEFGTIISISLINIKSTNKTPSLIYYSVSVISSIFLFFMIIVYLSSISFTKTDTFNFMVQMMFFLKIGTFPFHFWMIYSYEMMNWKQIFLMSTLIKFIPIYMMVSMTKINSWTLYFLITNSLYISFYANKFYTLKKLLACSTIFNSFYFIFILELNKNMFIAMIILYSFNYFLLISFLNKFNIQNFNFMFYNKYQMYTFLTLMFNYSMYPIFLSFVIKWNLIFMMVSVKAYNWILFLLMISSMLMIWNYIIILKRVFLKMNFYKNNFIDDKDNKYMYHSYFALTLLSFNISFFITLNFL - Honey Bee
Russian Grayling - MLFFFNSNKMFFMFTLFFSTLISISSNSWLGCWIGLEINLLSFIPLISNSSNLLNSEASLKYFLTQSIASINFLFAIILNLFLMKNFFTNNFISILINSSLLMKMGSTPFHFWFPNIMEGLSWLNCFILMTWQKITPMILLSYYFNMNFLMFIMILNVLVGALGGFNQTSLRKLMAFSSINNLGWMLSALLISETLWMIYFFLYSFLISIMCFLFYMLNIFYLNQMFNFNINFPIKFSIMINFLSLGGLPPFLGFFPKWLIINYLILNKLYIISFFFIMMSLIMLIFYIRIIYSSFMFFSFKFKWFKIFIKNNFLILINFFSFISLLGMIFSTLFFF - Russian Grayling
Comparative phylogeny:
NC_012920 Homo sapiens Human Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo NC_001643 Pan troglodytes Chimp Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Pan NC_006853 Bos taurus Cattle Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos NC_005268 Balaena mysticetus Bowhead Whale Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Cetacea; Mysticeti; Balaenidae; Balaena NC_014682 Orcinus orca Killer Whale Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Cetacea; Odontoceti; Delphinidae; Orcinus NC_007393 Rousettus aegyptiacus Egyptian Rousette Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Chiroptera; Megachiroptera; Pteropodidae; Pteropodinae; Rousettus NC_002080 Erinaceus europaeus European Hedgehog Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Insectivora; Erinaceidae; Erinaceinae; Erinaceus NC_009492 Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant Panda Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Carnivora; Caniformia; Ursidae; Ailuropoda NC_001794 Macropus robustus Wallaroo Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Metatheria; Diprotodontia; Macropodidae; Macropus NC_008133 Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Metatheria; Diprotodontia; Phascolarctidae; Phascolarctos NC_003321 Tachyglossus aculeatus Australian Echidna Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Monotremata; Tachyglossidae; Tachyglossus NC_002333 Danio rerio Zebrafish Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae; Danio NC_014764 Protopterus aethiopicus Marbled Lungfish Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Dipnoi; Lepidosireniformes; Protopteridae; Protopterus NC_009736 Egretta eulophotes Chinese Egret Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Ciconiiformes; Ardeidae; Egretta NC_006403 Hyla chinensis Chinese Toad Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia; Hyloidea; Hylidae; Hylinae; Hylini; Hyla NC_001626 Petromyzon marinus Sea Lamprey Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Hyperoartia; Petromyzontiformes; Petromyzontidae; Petromyzon NC_004447 Ciona intestinalis Sea squirt Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Tunicata; Ascidiacea; Enterogona; Phlebobranchia; Cionidae; Ciona NC_001912 Branchiostoma lanceolatum Amphioxus Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Cephalochordata; Branchiostomidae; Branchiostoma. NC_012616 Apostichopus japonicus Jap. Sea Cucumber Eukaryota; Metazoa; Echinodermata; Eleutherozoa; Echinozoa; Holothuroidea; Aspidochirotacea; Aspidochirotida; Stichopodidae; Apostichopus NC_002546 Fasciola hepatica Liver Fluke Eukaryota; Metazoa; Platyhelminthes; Trematoda; Digenea; Echinostomida; Echinostomata; Echinostomatoidea; Fasciolidae; Fasciola NC_010220 Biomphalaria tenagophila Snail Eukaryota; Metazoa; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Basommatophora; Lymnaeoidea; Planorbidae; Biomphalaria NC_001566 Apis mellifera ligustica Honey Bee Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Hymenoptera; Apocrita; Aculeata; Apoidea; Apidae; Apis NC_001709 Drosophila melanogaster Fruit Fly Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora. NC_014587 Hipparchia autonoe Russian Grayling Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Ditrysia; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Satyrinae; Satyrini; Satyrina; Hipparchia NC_008192 Flustrellidra hispida Bryozoan Eukaryota; Metazoa; Bryozoa; Gymnolaemata; Ctenostomata; Flustrellidridae; Flustrellidra