Examples of Comparative Biology
Diagrams for the peptide ATP8 from several species are shown here.
It is unclear for the present as to whether these diagrams should be identical to each other.
Examples of non-synonymous mutations are: C8414T - 'L17F' (defines Haplogroup D4 etc.) T8448C - 'M28T' (defines H11 etc.) A8460G - 'N32S' (defines Haplogroup L0a2 etc.) A8502G - 'N46S' (defines Haplogroup M2 etc.)
Mammal - Human NC_012920
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Mammal - Chimp - NC_001643
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Amphibian - Chinese Tree Toad - NC_006403
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Amphibian - Brown Hydra - NC_010214
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Amino acid sequences for peptide ATP8:-
(Last 15 codons are non-functioning as ATP6 starts at 8527 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx)
(Possibly the 'GAA', an 'E' could have been 'TAA' in the past. However G8519T has not been observed)
1 2 3 4 5
Mammals:
Human - MPQLNTTVWPTMITPMLLTLFLITQLKMLNTNYHLPPSPKPMKMKNYNK PW EPKWTKICSLHSLPPQS - Human (ends at TAG - 8570 CRS)
NUMT Chrs1:554327 - MPQLNTTVWPTMITPMLLTLFLITQLKMLNTNYHLPPSPKPMKMKNYNK PW EPKWTKICSLHSLPPQS
'Neanderthal' - MPQLNTTVWPTMIIPMLLTLFLITQLKMLNTNYHLPPSPKPMKMKNYNK PW EPKWTKICSLHSLPPQS - 'Neanderthal' (AM948965)
'Altai' - MPQLNTTVWPTMIIPMLLTLFLITQLKMLNTNYHLPPSPKPMKMKNYNK PW EPKWTKICSLHSLPPQS - 'Altai' (FN673705)
Chimp - MPQLNTAVWPTMITPMLLTLFLVTQLKMLNSNYHLPPSPKPMKMKNYNK PW EPKWTKIYSLHSLPPQS - Chimp (ends at TAG - 7988)
Gibbon - MPQLNTTVWPTIIMSMLLALFLLMQLKTLNTHYHPPASPKLTNIKPHNN PW EHKWTKIYSLHSLPPQF - Gibbon
Gorilla - MPQLNTTVWPTMIAPMLLTLFLITQLKVLNTNYHLPPLPKTMKMKNFCK PW EPKWTKIYSLHSLPPQS - Gorilla
Baboon - MPQLDTSTWFTIIMAMLPTLYLITQLKLLSMNYYQPPLTKNPNLQTHNT CW RPKWTKTYLPHSQPQQS - Baboon
Dusky Leaf Monkey - MPQLNTSTWFITIMTMLPALYLIMQLKLLNTNYYLPPTQKTPNTQMFNN SW QLKWTKIYLPHLQPQHS - Dusky Leaf Monkey
Slow Loris - MPQLDTSTWTITIMSMILTLFILFQLKLSKFMYPTNPTKKLTKPHKLES PW EMKWTKTYLPHSLPLQ - Slow Loris
Tree Shrew - MPQLDTSTWFITIVSMLATLFILFQLKLSSYCYYNLPQTKTMKTKKQDT PW NQKWTKTYLPLSLPRH - Northern Tree Shrew
Cattle - MPQLDTSTWLTMILSMFLTLFIIFQLKVSKHNFYHNPELTPTKMLKQNT PW ETKWTKIYLPLLLPL - Cattle (ends at TAG - 8333)
Hippopotamus - MPQLDTSTWFTTILSMFLTLFIIFQLKISKHTYHPNPETTLPMTQKQPT PW ETKWTKIYSPLSLPLQS - Hippopotamus
Bowhead Whale - MPQLDTSTWLLTILSMLLTLFVLLQLKISKHSHSPNPKLVLTKTRKQQT PW NTTWTKIYLPLS - Bowhead Whale
Blue Whale - - MPQLDTSTWLLTILSMLLTLFVLFQLKISKHSYSPNPKLVPTKTQKQQT PW NITWTKIYLPLL - Blue Whale
Killer Whale - MPQLDTSTWPLTILSMIFTLFALLQLKISKHFYSPSPKPADTKLQKQQT PW NCMWTKIYLPLS - Killer Whale
Egyptian Rousette - MPQLDTSTWFITIVSMLLTLYIIMQLKVSKNVYHQNPEPTITKSTKHPT PW EDKWTKIYSPLSLPLR - Egyptian Rousette Bat
European Hedgehog - MPQLDTSSWFTMILAMFLTLFIIMQLKINSYKTYNMMETKKQTLNHSLK PW EHKWTKIYLPLLLPLHY - European Hedgehog
Moonrat - MPQLDTSTWFSTIIVMIMTLFILFQLKFSTYNYISSPEIKLINLTTHKN SW ETKWTKIYLPLL - Moonrat
Giant Panda - MPQLDTSTWFITILSMILTLFIMFQLKVSKHNYPEFPELKTTPLSKKPM PW EEKWTKICSPLLLPQW - Giant Panda
Spectacled Bear - MPQLDTSTWFITILSMTLTLFIVFQLKILEYNYPKTPELKPFPPSKKTM PW EKKWTKIYLPLLLPQR - Spectacled Bear
Cape Golden Mole - MPQLDTNTWFITIISATLTLFILFQINFSKLTFYLEPEPKLLKSTEHKN PW ETKWTKIYLPHSSLPH - Cape Golden Mole
9-band Armadillo - MPQLDTSTWFITIVSMLLSLFILMQLKFIKFSSFSTPCPTTMEKTKHLT PW EMKWTKTYLPHSLPLP - 9-band Armadillo
Wallaroo - MPQLDTSTWLLTITLMILALFCIYQSKMINQTMISIPPQDKKVIKPTTQL PW ESKWTKIYLPHSSPLLS - Wallaroo (ends at TAG)
Koala - MPQLNMSMWPLTITLTMLTFFCMYQLKMINQTMTSMTPKNEKKMPTKTQL PW NKKWTKIYLPNSLPPQL - Koala
Australian Echidna - MPQLDTSTWFMAILLMVFTIYGIFQLKVVKYLPTVLPTPSTQAMPVTNLT PW NSKWTKIYLPHSSLLQS - Australian Echidna
> 100 million years
Non-mammals:
Zebrafish - MPQLNPKPWFMILFFSWVIFLTIIPTKIINHIQPNDPTQVDAKEHKNDTW NW PW - Zebrafish (ends with TAA)
Marbled Lungfish - MPQLNPGPWLIILLISWLTLLLILLPKILSHKNSNPPTPQNQDKLFLAPWNW PW L - Marbled Lungfish
Chinese Egret - MPQLNPNPWFFILLMSWSVFSLIIQPKLLSFTTTNPPSTKPKVTPKTTPWAW PW T - Chinese Egret (ends with TAA)
Chinese Tree Toad - MPQLDPMPWFSILFASWLIFLVFSPTKVAKYSSLNDPSPKTYKGLNKSWPW PW A - Chinese Tree Toad (ends with TAA)
Afr. Clawed Frog - MPQLNPGPWFLILIFSWLVLLTFIPPKVLKHKAFNEPTTQTTEKSKPNPWNW PW T - African Clawed Frog
Sea Lamprey - MPQLDPAPWFSMLTVSWLIIFLLIMPTILFYQPQNTISTKQVTKPKQSTWTW PW H - Sea Lamprey (ends with TAA)
Atlantic Hagfish - MPQLNPSPWLLMALSLWVCFPLMMLSLSSFLPLTLKTSLPSTLKSSPNPWIL PW - Atlantic Hagfish
Sea Squirt - MPQLNLFSFFYISVVSFSLLMTSFSYEPILVPVSR - Sea Squirt
Amphioxus - MPQLNPIPWVFLFFLVWLVLGFLGLQKFTSVVTTTLDDSSEEVEVKSKEYSW PW - Amphioxus
Brown Hydra - MSQLDLSLYFNHYFVLLLLFLILIILLSIKFYNFFLVLNIRNNISCSSLKLNIINPKQFSILQSILKS - Brown Hydra
Jap. Sea Cucumber - MPQLDLSWFIINFFLAWSLVIVMIVVLVKQNWLSDKEGDSQHNNKIEQQQN EW NW - Jap. Sea Cucumber
Liver Fluke - ---- - Liver fluke
Snail - MPQLSPTSGIMIFFMVITTCFLLYILFSMKENSPVYFLWQTDAKILSVF - Snail
Honey Bee - MPQMMPMKWFLIYFIYLLIFYLFIMLINSMLIKTKINKETLKIKLKKWNW FW - Honey Bee
Russian Grayling - MPQMMPINWLLSLLFFICIFILFNIINYYIFNYNYNSKNMSKTLTFKNNL PW KW - Russian Grayling
Drosophila Alstonvl - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila Alstonvl
Drosophila Brownsvl - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila Brownsvl
Drosophila Dahomey - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila Dahomey
Drosophila Japan - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila Japan
Drosophila Mysore - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila Mysore
Drosophila Zimbabwe - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila Zimbabwe
Drosophila NC_001709 - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYMPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila NC_001709
Drosophila grimshawi - MPQMAPISWLLLFFLFSMIFILFCSINYYAYMPSSPKSNELKSMNLNSM NW KW - Drosophila grimshawi
Drosophila sechellia - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSINYYSYTPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila sechellia
Drosophila simulans - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSITFILFCSMNYYSYIPNSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila simulans
Drosophila virilis - MPQMAPIKWLTLFFIFSITFILFCSMNYYAYMPSSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila virilis
Drosophila mojavensis- MPQMAPISWLLLFFIFSITFILFCSLNYYSYLPSSPKSNELKNIKLNSM NW KW - Drosophila mojavensis
Drosophila littoralis- MPQMAPIKWLTLFFIFSITFILFCSVNYYAYMPSSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila littoralis
Drosophila pseudoobs.- MPQMAPISWLLLFIVFSITFILFCSINYYSFMPSSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila pseudoobscura
Drosophila erecta - MPQMAPISWLLLFIIFSIVFILFCATNYYSYMPTSPKSNELKNINLNSM NW KW - Drosophila erecta
Celery leafminer - MPQMAPISWLTLFLIFFLTFIMFNIMNYFSYFPSSPSHQKKLFTVKSM NW KW - Celery leafminer
Hangingfly - MPQMAPISWLTLFILFSLIFIIFNIVNYYNYSPNTPSYSLESKILTSPL NW KW - Hangingfly
Snow scorpiion fly - MPQMAPINWLSLFLLFSIIFLIYNYMNYYMYMPMYSLKSMNKSFLFKSL NW KW - Snow scorpion fly
Scorpion fly - MPQMAPISWLSLFIMFSIIFMMFNIMIYFLSQPNVPLSTKSNMINTPSL NW KW - Scorpion fly
Bryozoan - MPHLSPLSWFMYFTCLNCVILLVIISAEMK - Bryozoan
Rhabdopleura compact.- MGSVYFSLVGTLGVFCFFVKCSFYSTIFFLDVFSWCFSPVSLVSGLNPWIGVCAYFCLLSFKIYIPGLFYYFWMLVLFFFF
Saccoglossus kowal. - MPQLAPNFWALNFIMIWTLLITITTLTISLPPSNLPSAESRRPLTPTHP NW PWHL
Acorn worn(carnosus) - MPQLNPDFWALNFVTVWLLLAIALATTTSLQLPLQPSPSSLQHHTLSTP QW LWT
Acorn worm(clavigerus) MPQLNPDFWALNFITVWLLVAIALATTASLQLPLPPSSSAPHPHHTFSTP QW LWT
Comparative phylogeny:
NC_012920 Homo sapiens Human Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo NC_001643 Pan troglodytes Chimp Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Pan NC_006853 Bos taurus Cattle Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae; Bovinae; Bos NC_000889 Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Hippopotamidae; Hippopotamus NC_005268 Balaena mysticetus Bowhead Whale Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Cetacea; Mysticeti; Balaenidae; Balaena NC_001601 Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Cetacea; Mysticeti; Balaenopteridae; Balaenoptera NC_014682 Orcinus orca Killer Whale Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Cetartiodactyla; Cetacea; Odontoceti; Delphinidae; Orcinus NC_007393 Rousettus aegyptiacus Egyptian Rousette Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Chiroptera; Megachiroptera; Pteropodidae; Pteropodinae; Rousettus NC_002080 Erinaceus europaeus European Hedgehog Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Insectivora; Erinaceidae; Erinaceinae; Erinaceus NC_002808 Echinosorex gymnura Moonrat Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Insectivora; Erinaceidae; Galericinae; Echinosorex NC_009492 Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant Panda Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Carnivora; Caniformia; Ursidae; Ailuropoda NC_009969 Tremarctos ornatus Spectacled Bear Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Carnivora; Caniformia; Ursidae; Tremarctos NC_004920 Chrysochloris asiatica Cape Golden Mole Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Afrotheria; Chrysochloridae; Chrysochlorinae; Chrysochloris NC_001821 Dasypus novemcinctus 9-band armadillo Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Xenarthra; Dasypodidae; Dasypus NC_001794 Macropus robustus Wallaroo Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Metatheria; Diprotodontia; Macropodidae; Macropus NC_008133 Phascolarctos cinereus Koala Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Metatheria; Diprotodontia; Phascolarctidae; Phascolarctos NC_003321 Tachyglossus aculeatus Australian Echidna Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Monotremata; Tachyglossidae; Tachyglossus NC_002333 Danio rerio Zebrafish Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Actinopterygii; Neopterygii; Teleostei; Ostariophysi; Cypriniformes; Cyprinidae; Danio NC_014764 Protopterus aethiopicus Marbled Lungfish Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Dipnoi; Lepidosireniformes; Protopteridae; Protopterus NC_009736 Egretta eulophotes Chinese Egret Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Archosauria; Dinosauria; Saurischia; Theropoda; Coelurosauria; Aves; Neognathae; Ciconiiformes; Ardeidae; Egretta NC_006403 Hyla chinensis Chinese Toad Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Neobatrachia; Hyloidea; Hylidae; Hylinae; Hylini; Hyla NC_001573 Xenopus laevis Afr. clawed frog Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Amphibia; Batrachia; Anura; Mesobatrachia; Pipoidea; Pipidae; Xenopodinae; Xenopus; Xenopus NC_001626 Petromyzon marinus Sea Lamprey Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Hyperoartia; Petromyzontiformes; Petromyzontidae; Petromyzon NC_002639 Myxine glutinosa Atlantic Hagfish Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Hyperotreti; Myxiniformes; Myxinidae; Myxininae; Myxine NC_004447 Ciona intestinalis Sea squirt Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Tunicata; Ascidiacea; Enterogona; Phlebobranchia; Cionidae; Ciona NC_001912 Branchiostoma lanceolatum Amphioxus Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Cephalochordata; Branchiostomidae; Branchiostoma. NC_010214 Hydra oligactis Brown Hydra Eukaryota; Metazoa; Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Hydroida; Anthomedusae; Hydridae; Hydra. NC_012616 Apostichopus japonicus Jap. Sea Cucumber Eukaryota; Metazoa; Echinodermata; Eleutherozoa; Echinozoa; Holothuroidea; Aspidochirotacea; Aspidochirotida; Stichopodidae; Apostichopus NC_002546 Fasciola hepatica Liver Fluke Eukaryota; Metazoa; Platyhelminthes; Trematoda; Digenea; Echinostomida; Echinostomata; Echinostomatoidea; Fasciolidae; Fasciola NC_002544 Schistosoma japonicum Oriental Fluke Eukaryota; Metazoa; Platyhelminthes; Trematoda; Digenea; Strigeidida; Schistosomatoidea; Schistosomatidae; Schistosoma NC_010220 Biomphalaria tenagophila Snail Eukaryota; Metazoa; Mollusca; Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Basommatophora; Lymnaeoidea; Planorbidae; Biomphalaria NC_001566 Apis mellifera ligustica Honey Bee Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Hymenoptera; Apocrita; Aculeata; Apoidea; Apidae; Apis NC_001709 Drosophila melanogaster Fruit fly Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora GU327644 Liriomyza trifolii Celery leafminer Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Opomyzoidea; Agromyzidae; Phytomyzinae; Liriomyza. HQ696578 Bittacus pilicornis Hangingfly Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Mecoptera; Bittacidae; Bittacus. NC_014587 Hipparchia autonoe Russian Grayling Eukaryota; Metazoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Lepidoptera; Glossata; Ditrysia; Papilionoidea; Nymphalidae; Satyrinae; Satyrini; Satyrina; Hipparchia NC_008192 Flustrellidra hispida Bryozoan Eukaryota; Metazoa; Bryozoa; Gymnolaemata; Ctenostomata; Flustrellidridae; Flustrellidra FN908482 Rhabdopleura compacta Eukaryota; Metazoa; Hemichordata; Pterobranchia; Rhabdopleurida; Rhabdopleuridae; Rhabdopleura AY336131 Saccoglossus kowalevskii Eukaryota; Metazoa; Hemichordata; Enteropneusta; Harrimaniidae; Saccoglossus AF051097 Balanoglossus carnosus Acorn worm Eukaryota; Metazoa; Hemichordata; Enteropneusta; Ptychoderidae; Balanoglossus FN562579 Balanoglossus clavigerus Acorn Worm Eukaryota; Metazoa; Hemichordata; Enteropneusta; Ptychoderidae; Balanoglossus